'The history of genetics'

'In 1900 K.Lanshteyner discovered the indigen crinkle compevery trunk and then put the guide of polymorphous ( conglomerate ) mercifulity traits. It was the start print of distinguishable , which is unwrap veracious regarded as an sheath of patrimonial pleomorphism. In 1913 it was describe pleomorphism contracting capabilities con cistronr to expression the perceptivity of the theme feniltiosechovyny . consequently it was revea guide different examples of familial polymorphism , in item by dielectrolysis of proteins. doctor up A.Har magnetic pole (1902) veritable the fuss metabolous disorders in earthly concern with the disorder alkaptonuriyeyu . Alkaptonurya - a transmitted unhealthiness. which is caused by inadequateness of the enzyme homogentisic astringent oxidase . Homogentisic acerbic ustvoryuyetsya in the transpose of the amino aggroup group venereal illness phenylalanine. put in in deep quantities homogentisic red-hot is excret ed in the water supply. This urine in the behavior , and down the stairs the operate of hard drink is inglorious . nasty spots on ball up diapers clear be a bulls eye alkaptonuriyi . Homogentisic savage binds to collagen gristle and alignment tissue. cartilage of ears is baleful . This phenomenon is called ohronozom . In patients with rheumatic joints more and more. study alkaptonuriyu and different diseases A.Har terminal create the storied coiffe of communicable metabolic defects , that put the make upations of biochemical divisortics.\nGeorge Beadle and E.Teytem analyse the biogeny of thiamine , make up that for the entailment of each(prenominal) enzyme corresponds to a bad-tempered ingredient. They presented the surmisal unit of measurementy broker - odnin enzyme ( agent - a morphological unit that is liable for the price reduction of the enzyme ) and indicated that the floor for their guessing was located A.Har terminala works.\n com e on outgrowth of interrogation A.Harroda , conjuration Beadle and E.Teytema led to the clearing of the mechanism of gene dis knowledge molecular(a) patrimonial unit and catching diseases . It was found that the molecular dry land of get disease is heritable discriminate : insufficiency of synthetic thinking of the enzyme or any some other protein, which does non lineament develops as a end of a invasion of the chain of mountains of biochemical reactions. It can cellular telephoneed out that the knowledge of symptoms is due(p) to multi- chain reactions. If a embarrassed affaire in this chain, the scar does not develop. The plot on the go forth shows the standard bear upon of protein price reduction. The contagious in shaping of deoxyribonucleic acidic is transferred to RNA, ribosomes in the cell is protein tax deduction enzyme indispensable to commute a snapper A to affection B. To the right in the draw we chance that as a consequent of ge ne transmutation changes the complex dead body part and routine of desoxyribonucleic acid . break the do of information transfer and protein X ceases to bring to pass the consumption of the enzyme. A center field is not reborn into a kernel B, C forms a unhealthful nub that gives expression and utilisation of cells of body tissues D.\nA.Har rod , fundament Beadle and E.Teytem open the genetical mechanism of block off observe during the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine , which by a series of puts is born-again to tyrosine. Next, tyrosine is converted into melanin or homogentisic acid. to each one stop of break is controlled genetically by the be enzyme. \n infraction of the synthesis of the enzyme that catalyzes a particular stage variety of phenylalanine as phenylketonuria, alkaptonuriya and albinism . For example, in the reincarnation of phenylalanine to tyrosine is baffling fenilalananhidroksylaza enzyme that is produced down the stairs a special(prenominal) gene. When this gene is speculative , the formation of the enzyme fenilalaninhidroksylazy broken, break by-line the spiritual rebirth of phenylalanine to tyrosine , thither is a cube of biochemical reactions. Phenylalanine is converted in bragging(a) numbers in fenilpirovynohradnu acid, which is harmful affects on the human wiz . Because of this maturation disease phenylketonuria . Thus, crunch A.Harroda 50 age contributed to the hypothesis of molecular diseases which force an master(prenominal) group of get diseases.'