Dorothy Johnson Essay

take hold is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, go a bulkyion of unsoundness and injury, all in alleviation of suffering through the diagnosing and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the c atomic number 18 of rough champions, families, communities, and populations (other). Dorothy E. Johnson was a nursing theorist, who was innate(p) August 21, 1919, in Savanna, Georgia. She has had an influence on her nursing through her publications since the 1950s. Throughout her career, Johnson has punctuate the importance of research-establish know conductge nigh the force play of nursing care on lymph nodes. This led to The Johnson Behavioral System prototype, in which she came up with in 1980. Nursing theories are utilise to describe, jump, disseminate, and use present knowledge in nursing. Johnson was an early fan of nursing as a science as surface as an art. From the beginning, Johnson proposed that the knowledge of the science of n ursing was necessary for effective nursing care. In 1961, Johnson proposed that nursing care facilitated the clients maintenance of a state of equilibrium.Furthermore, Johnson proposed that clients were disturbed by a stimulus of all an internal or external nature. These nerve-racking stimuli created such disturbances, or tensions, in the forbearing that a state of disequilibrium occurred. Johnson identified dickens areas of nursing care that should be sensuald on in order to ingathering the client to a state of equilibrium. First, by reducing stressful stimuli, and second, by musical accompaniment natural and adaptive processes. Johnsons portal outline conjecture springs from Nightingales belief that nursings tendency is to help various(prenominal)s prevent or recover from disease or injury. The science and art of nursing should pore on the patient as an idiosyncratic and not on the specific disease. Johnson use the work of behavioural scientists in psychology, soci ology, and ethnology to develop her theory.Moreover, Johnson states that nurses should use the behavioral body as their knowledge base comparable to the biologic remains that physicians use as their base of knowledge (Lobo, 1995). The reason Johnson chose the behavioral system model is the idea that all the patterned,repetitive,  meaningful ways of behaving that char comeerize from from each one(prenominal) one mortals life make up an organized and integrated whole, or a system(other). Johnson states that by categorizing behaviors, they can be predicted and ordered. Johnson categorized all human behavior into seven subsystems(SSs)Attachment,Achievement, Aggressive, Dependence, Sexual, Ingestive, and Eliminative. Each subsystem is composed of a set of behavioral responses or tendencies that address a common goal. These responses are developed through experience and learning and are determined by numerous physiological, biological, psychological, and genial factors. Fo ur assumptions are made about the structure and function of each SS. These quadruplet assumptions are thestructural elements common to each of the seven SSs.The first assumption is from the get of the behavior it takes and the consequences it achieves and can be inferred to what train that has been stimulated or what goal is being sought (Johnson, 1980). The ultimate goal for each subsystem is expected to be the same for all individuals. The second assumption is that each individual has a predisposition to act, with reference to the goal, in certain ways sort of than in other ways (Johnson, 1980). This predisposition to act is labeled set by Johnson. The tercet assumption is that each subsystem has available choices or scope of action alternatives from which choices can be made. The fourth assumption about the behavioral subsystem is that they produce unmistakable outcomes-that is, the individuals behavior (Johnson, 1980).The observable behaviors allow an outsider to note the actions the individual is taking to reach a goal related to a specified SS.In addition, each of the SSs has three operational requirements. First, each subsystem moldiness be protected from noxious influences with which the system cannot cope (Johnson, 1980). Second, each subsystem must be nurtured through the excitant of appropriate supplies from the environment. Finally each subsystem must be stimulated for use to recruit growth and prevent stagnation. As long as the SSs are concourse these requirements, the system and the SSs are viewed as self-maintaining and self- perpetuating. The internal and external environments of the system deficiency to remain orderly and predictable for the system to maintain homeostasis. The interrelationships of the structural elements of the subsystem to maintain a rest period that is adaptive to that individuals needs.Johnsons Behavioral Subsystems, The Attachment subsystem is credibly the most critical, because it forms the basis for a ll mixer organization. It provides survival and security. Its consequences are societal inclusion, intimacy, and shaping and maintenance of a strong favorable bond. The Achievement subsystem attempts to manipulate the environment. Its function is hold or mastery of an aspect of self or environment to close to streamer of excellence. Areas of achievement behavior include intellectual, physical, creative, mechanical, and tender skills.The Aggressive subsystem function is protection and preservation. It holds that assertive behavior is not only learned, solely has a primary intent to hurt others. However, society has placed limits when dealing with self-defence and that people and their property be respected and protected. The Dependency subsystem promotes helping behavior that calls for a nurturing response. Its consequences are approval, attention or recognition, and physical assistance. Ultimately, dependency behavior develops from the complete trustingness on others for certain resources essential for survival. An mental unsoundness in a behavioral subsystem produces tension, which results in disequilibrium.The Sexual subsystem has the dual functions of procreation and gratification. It begins with the ontogeny of gender role identity and includes the across-the-board range of sex role behaviors (Johnson, 1980).When there is an alteration in the equilibrium that exists, Johnsons Model tends to diagnose to a subsystem rather than a specific problem. Johnsons Model states that it is at this point when the nurse is take in order to return the client to homeostasis (Conner et al., 1994). Nursing activities are a balance of medicine, not dependent on it. A person is viewed as a behavioral system with patterned, repetitive, and purposeful ways of behaving that cerebrate him to the environment (Johnson,1980). A person is a system of interdependent carve ups that requires some regularity and adjustment to maintain a balance (Johnson, 1980). Health is perceived as an elusive, dynamic state influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. It focuses on the person rather than the unwellness (Conner et al., 1994). It consists of all the factors that are not part of the individuals behavioral system but that influence the system and the nurse to achieve the health goal for the patient.In conclusion, Johnsons theory could help deport the future of nursing theories, models, research, and education. By focusing on behavioral rather than biology, the theory clearly separates nursing from medicine. But do we need to separate the behavioral from the biological? It can be a colossal help and has been proven by Johnson and some of her followers. In order to focus on the holistic idea of nursing, it is important to conceptualize of the behavioral and biological together as a whole. We cannot look at one without looking at the other.